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Italy Ancient Ethnography 1

Italy Ancient Ethnography Part 1

Posted on February 16, 2022July 6, 2022 by ehangzhou

According to ejiaxing, the peoples on which Roman domination extended in Italy were mainly the following:  a ) the  Latins , residing in Lazio, to which the Romans themselves belonged, and the  Falisci  in southern Etruria around Civita Castellana,  b ) to the east and to south-east of Lazio: the  Equi , along the upper course of the Aniene, the  Volsci  in part of the Sacco and Liri valleys, and on a stretch of the Tyrrhenian coast north of Terracina; the  Ernici , between the Aequi and the Volsci; c ) the  Sabines  in the territory of Terni and Rieti, the  Umbrians along the upper course of the Tiber and on the next Apennines up to the Nera valley: the  Marsi , the  Peligni , in the high valleys of the heart of the Apennines, the former in the basin of Lake Fucino, and the latter to the W of this lake, the  Picenti  and  the Pretuzi  on the Adriatic coast between Ancona and Adria, the  Vestini  and  the Marrucini  at noon of the Picenti, separated from each other by Pescara; d ) the  Campanians  in the Terra di Lavoro; the  Samnites  in the mountainous country flanking Lazio and Campania, from the high valleys of the Sangro and Volturno to the Silaro on one side, to Lucera and Venosa on the other, divided into  Caraceni and  Pentri  to the north,  Irpini  and  Caudini  to the south: the  Frentani  on the Adriatic side of Molise up to Fortore; the  Lucanians , south of Campania between the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Gulf of Taranto; the  Bruzî  in today’s Calabria; e ) the  Iapigi  in the Adriatic and Ionian coastal regions of today’s Puglia, divided into  Apuli ,  Dauni  and  Peucezî  in the north; Messapî ,  Sallentini  and  Calabri  to the south; f ) the  Etruscans, between the Apennines and the Tyrrhenian Sea, narrow by the course of the Tiber, from its sources to its mouth; g ) the  Greeks  of Magna Graecia and Sicily; h ) the  Ligurians  in the western part of northern Italy, and precisely throughout the coastal region north of the mouth of the Arno, and inland up to the Po, towards the confluence of the Ticino; i ) the  Venetians  on the eastern side of northern Italy, between the Adige, or rather the Tagliamento, the Alps, the Po and the Adriatic; l ) the  Gauls , wedged between the Ligurians and the Venetians, divided into many tribes, of which the main ones were the  Insubri, south of Lake Maggiore and Lake Como, the  Cenomani  between the lakes of Iseo and Garda and the Po; the  Lingoni , along the lower course of the Po, the  Boi  between them and the Apennines, the  Senones  south of Rimini; m ) the  Sicilians  and  the Sicans  in Sicily, regardless of the extreme western point, occupied by the  Elymians ; n ) the  Corsicans  in Corsica and in the northern part of Sardinia;  o ) the  Sardinians  in the rest of Sardinia.

Of these populations, those grouped under the letters  a – d  belonged to the lineage of the Italics proper, which linguistic investigation shows not only to go back to the Indo-European lineage, but to constitute in it a particular unit, differentiated from the other major ones of the same Indo-European family. European: Celts, Germans, etc. In this unit, however, the same linguistic investigation requires two groups to be distinguished: the Latin-Faliscan group and the Umbrian-Sabellic or Osco-Umbrian group, due to notable phonetic, morphological, syntactic and, above all, lexical differences. Latins and Falisci belong: to the second all the populations listed under letter  c ) speaking Umbrian and related languages ​​and those under letter  d) speaking the different varieties of Oscan. Among the populations listed in letter  b ) the Volsci seem to have an affinity with the Umbrians, while for the Aequi and the Ernici who were soon Latinized, it remains uncertain which of the two groups they belonged to.

In addition to the Greeks, the Indo-European family also certainly included the Gauls, of Celtic lineage, the Sicilians and the Sicans, who had to substantially constitute an ethnic unity, and probably also the Venetians and the Iapigi, judging by the few conclusions that can be to draw from the difficult epigraphic texts of the Veneto and Messapians; indeed most agree that there are particular affinities between the languages ​​of both of them and the ancient Illyrian. Even the Ligurians have been supported by some Indo-European origins, but it seems to be excluded, as it seems it should be excluded for the Etruscans: indeed, in the much vexed and tormented question about the nationality of the Etruscans, this seems the only sure fact. The linguistic investigation can finally ascertain the origin of the Sardinians and the Corsicans, due to a lack of documents.

Italy Ancient Ethnography 1

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